Tiempos Verbales: Presente & Pasado Perfecto

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela

Ministerio de la Defensa

Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada

Básico de Ingeniería

Inglés I

Licda. Julie Landaez

Present Perfect- Presente Perfecto

El presente perfecto no resulta fácil de entender para los aprendices de una segunda lengua. Es una combinación del pasado y presente. Una acción del pasado tiene algo que ver con el presente.

1) Resultado de una acción en el pasado que es importante en le presente (No es importante cuando esta acción sucedió.)

I have cleaned my room. (It is clean now.)
Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has Peggy been there or not?)

2) Acciones completadas recientemente

He has just played handball. (It is over now.)

3) Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y todavía continúan - mayormente con since (punto en el tiempo) o for (periodo de tiempo)

We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We still live there.)

We have lived in Canada for 20 years.

4) Acompañado con lately, recently, yet

I have been to London recently. (no specific point of time)
He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has not done it.)

Palabras Claves

Estas palabras te dicen cual tiempo tienes que usar. Para el Presente Perfecto lasa siguientes palabras son usadas frecuentemente:

just
yet
never
already
ever
so far
up to now
recently
since
for

Formas del Presente Perfecto

El presente perfecto se forma con have y el past participle

have/has + past participle

Oraciones Afirmativas

I have played football.                         We have gone to the supermarket.

She has played football.                       He has gone to the supermarket.           

Oraciones Negativas

I have not played football.                         We have not gone to the supermarket.

She has not played football.                       He has not gone to the supermarket.           

Preguntas

 Have you played football?                         Have they gone to the supermarket?

Has she played football?                            Has he gone to the supermarket?           

Formas Largas del Presente Perfecto y sus contracciones

affirmative
long form	short form
I have gone	I've gone
he has gone	he's gone

negative (have not)
long form	short form
I have not gone	I haven't gone or I've not gone
he has not gone	he hasn't gone or he's not gone

 

Past Perfect – Pasado Perfecto

 

1) Junto con el Pasado Simple

Cuando dos acciones pasadas se combinan la primera acción; la cual fue completada antes que la segunda comenzara, va en Pasado Perfecto.

The lesson had started when we arrived.             After Amy had gone home it started to rain.

2) El Pasado equivalente del  Presente Perfecto

He had played hockey.

Formas del Pasado Perfecto

El pasado perfecto se forma con had y el past participle

had + past participle

Oraciones Afirmativas

                         They had gone home                    She had played hockey

Oraciones Negativas

                       They had not gone home                    She had not played hockey

Preguntas

                        Had they gone home?                   Had she played hockey?

Formas Largas del Pasado Perfecto y sus contracciones

affirmative
long form	short form
I had gone	I'd gone

negative (had not)
long form	short form
I had not gone	I hadn't gone or I'd not gone

EXERCISES

I. - Fill in the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect.

Example: I ___________ my father's car. (to wash)             Answer: I have washed my father's car.

1. Karen________________________________ an e-mail. (to send)
2. Dave and Pat __________________________the museum. (to visit)
3. They ________________already___________________ their rucksacks. (to pack)
4. I __________________________________at the pet shop. (to be)
5. Markus _____________________________an accident. (to have)
6. We _______________________________the shopping for our grandma. (to do)
7. I________________________ just_____________________ my bike. (to clean)
8. Emily___________________________________ her room. (to paint)
9. Lisa and Colin____________________________________ to a concert. (to go)
10. My friends____________________________________ smoking. (to give up)

 

II. – Put the verbs in the correct form – past simple or past perfect. 

1) By the time it…Stopped…. (stop) raining the whole village…Had been… (be) flooded.

2) I eventually ………… (find) my keys which I …………..(leave) on the table in the living room.

3) After I …………….(speak) to the doctor I ………..(feel) much better.

4) I ……….(study) a lot the day before I …………(took) my English 1st Certificate exam.

5) I …………...(finish) tidying up by the time my parents………..(arrive).

6) He…………(was) sure he ………..(see) her somewhere before

7) We……………(was) afraid because we…………….horse riding before.

8) When I……..(spend) a year traveling I…....... (already/complete) my degree at university.

9) I …………..(eat) such a large breakfast that I only ………….(had) a small lunch .

 

 III. Write sentences in Present Perfect in affirmative, negative and interrogative form using the verbs in parenthesis.

Alice has showed her hat.
Alice has not showed her hat.

Has Alice showed her hat?

a.       Sofie (study) so hard for the final exam.

b.      We (write) a lot of beautiful poems.

c.        Margaret (travel) to Italy.

d.        I (go) to the cinema.

e.       They (bring) a lovely dog.

IV. Write sentences in Past Perfect in affirmative, negative and interrogative form using the verbs in parenthesis.

Alice had showed her hat.
Alice had not showed her hat.

Had Alice showed her hat?

a.      Sam (arrive) late to work.

b.       Mark (visit) wonderful cities in Europe.

c.        My mother (make) a nice dress for my sister.

d.       Clare (invite) her boyfriend to the wedding.

e.       Lia (want) to work in the fashion industry.

Tiempos Verbales: Presente y Pasado Simple

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela

Ministerio de la Defensa

Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada

Básico de Ingeniería

Inglés I

Licda. Julie Landaez

Simple Present - Presente Simple

El Presente Simple es utilizado para hablar acerca de hechos, cosas que ocurren una y otra vez, acuerdos o eventos programados, acciones n el presente seguidas por otras e instrucciones. Ej.

I live in Kenya. The sun rises in the East.	A fact.
He watches TV every night.	Happen again and again.
The plane flies to London every Monday.	fixed arrangements, scheduled events
First I get up, then I have breakfast.	Actions in the present - one follows after the other
Open your books at page 34.	Instructions

En oraciones afirmativas, se utiliza la forma simple del verbo con I, you, we, they. Ej.

We live en Redmond.

They have a house in Seattle.

A los verbos que terminen en “o” después de una consonante se les agrega –es al infinitivo; ejemplo:

I go - he goes
I do - he does

A los verbos que terminen en “ch, sh, s, x o z” se les agrega –es a la forma infinitiva; ejemplo:

I watch - he watches

I crash – he crashes
I pass - he passes

I fix – he fixes

I buzz – he buzzes

A los verbos que terminan en –y se les agrega –s cuando son precedidos por una vocal (a, e, i, o, u). ejemplo:
                                               I play - he plays

A los verbos que terminan en –y precedidos por una consonante, la  –y cambia a 'ies'. Ejemplo:
                                                I hurry - he hurries

Para formar oraciones negativas, se utiliza el auxiliar do not o does not  más la forma base del verbo. Usualmente, la forma negativa del auxiliar puede ser contraida como don’t o doesn’t  de manera informal. Ej.

He does not read a book. She does not watch TV at night. They do not do her homework after class.

He doesn’t read a book. She doesn’t watch TV at night. They don’t do her homework after class.

Para realizar preguntas se utilizan los auxiliares Do y Does al principio de las mismas; estos auxiliares solo se utilizan en preguntas y oraciones NEGATIVAS nunca en la forma positiva de la oración. Cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Do el verbo permanece en su forma base. Ahora, cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Does al verbo se le quita la –es y se deja en su forma simple.

             Do I/we/you/they play football?                 Does he/she/it play football?

Adverbios de Frecuencia

Los adverbios de frecuencia denotan cuan frecuente pasa algo. Loas adverbios de frecuencia, usualmente preceden a los verbos en una oración; a excepción del verbo to be donde los mismos deben ser ubicados después del verbo.

  Always     Usually    Often     Sometimes      Rarely       never

  ____________________________________________________

   100% of the time                                                              0% of the time

Otros verbos	Verbo “be”
He usually goes to a fast-food place. It always rains on weekends.	I’m usually tired in the morning. The food at that restaurant is never very good.

Los adverbios usually y sometimes también  pueden ser colocados al principio o al final de una oración. Ej.

I usually get up at 6 o’clock. Usually I get up at 6 o’clock. I get up at 6 o’clock, usually.

I sometimes skip breakfast. Sometimes I skip breakfast. I skip breakfast, sometimes.

Pasado simple

El pasado simple es usado para:

¨     Una acción terminada en el pasado:

I visited Berlin last week.
Andrew watched TV yesterday.

¨     Serie de acciones completadas en el pasado:

First I got up, then I had breakfast.

¨     Junto con el pasado progresivo (El pasado simple interrumpió la acción que estaba en progreso)

They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
1st action: Past Progressive were playing
2nd action: Simple Past rang

Palabras claves del pasado simple

Las palabras claves indican cual tiempo utilizar. Para el pasado simple utiliza las siguientes expresiones:

Yesterday          A month ago       Last week     In 2002

Oraciones afirmativas:

Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I played football.	I went to the supermarket.

Oraciones negativas:

Se utiliza el auxiliar did (pasado simple de do) todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I did not play football.	I did not go to the supermarket.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I didn't play football.	I didn't go to the supermarket.

Preguntas:

Se utiliza el auxiliar did (pasado simple de do) todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto

regular verbs	irregular verbs
Did you play football?	Did I go to the supermarket?

EXERCISES

Simple Present / Present Continuous

1. - Use the word in parentheses to complete the text with the appropriate tenses

a. Every Monday, Sally (drive) _________drives_____________ her kids to football practice.

b. Usually, I (work) ____________________as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) _______________________French at a language school in Paris.

c. Shhhhh! be quiet! John (sleep)__________________________________.

d. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always)_____________________________.

e. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) _____________________because everybody (talk)________________________ so loudly.

f. A: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
    B: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) _______________________to a movie tonight with some friends.

Simple Past / Past Continuous

2. - Use the word in parentheses to complete the text with the appropriate tenses

a. A: What (you, do) _______were you doing_____________ when the accident occurred?
B: I (try) __________________________________to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

b. After I (find) _______________________the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) __________________to the police and (turn) _________________________it in.

c. The doctor (say) __________________________that Tom (be) ____________________too sick to go to work and that he (need) ________________________to stay at home for a couple of days.

e. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also) _________________________________television. That's all she ever does!

3.- Use the verbs given to create affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in Simple Present.

Alice shows her hat.
Alice does not show her hat.

 Does Alice show her hat?

walk      run      clean     work

   travel     break     study        be

 4. - Change the sentences to Simple Past (affirmative and negative form).

Alice showed her hat.
Alice did not show her hat.

1. The Parkers spend the summer in the Caribbean islands.

___________________________________________________

2. A lot of people suffer from stress.

___________________________________________________

3. Peter smokes a cigar after having lunch.

___________________________________________________

4. The dress looks terrible.

___________________________________________________

5. It snows a lot in Sweden.

___________________________________________________

6. Tom visits his father every Fridays.

___________________________________________________

7. Stella returns to the office at 12:30.

___________________________________________________

8. William washes his car every morning.

___________________________________________________

9. Water freezes at 0º C.

___________________________________________________

10. At 12:00 my mother takes an hour for lunch.

___________________________________________________